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Wallowing in animals is a comfort behaviour during which an animal rolls its body about in mud, water or snow.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wallowing )〕 Some definitions include rolling about in dust, 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wallowing )〕 however, in ethology this is usually referred to as dust bathing. Wallowing is often combined with other behaviours to fulfil its purpose, for example, elephants will often blow dirt over themselves after wallowing to create a thicker "coating", or pigs will allow the mud to dry before rubbing themselves on a tree or rock to remove ectoparasites stuck in the mud. ==Functions== Many functions of wallowing have been proposed although not all have been tested by rigorous scientific investigation. Proposed functions include: *Thermoregulation - domestic pigs (''Sus scrofa''),〔Vestergaard, K.S. and Bjerg, B., (1996). Wallowing behavior in fattening pigs, In: I.J.H. Duncan, T.M. Widowski and D.B. Haley (Eds). ''Proc. Thirtieth International Cong. International Soc. Appl. Ethol.'', The Colonel K.L. Cambell Centre for the Study of Animal Welfare, Ontario, Canada. p. 66.〕 great Indian rhinoceros (''Rhinoceros unicornis''),〔Pal, B.C. and Bhattacharyya, A., (1986). Wallowing behavior and wallows used by great Indian one-horned Rhinoceros at Garumara and Jaldapara wildlife sanctuaries, West Bengal, India. Proc. Zoologic. Soc., Calcutta, 35: 79-83〕 warthogs (''Phacochoerus aethiopicus''),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Common Warthog Phacochoerus africanus )〕 elephants (family Elephantidae) *Providing a sunscreen - pigs,〔 warthogs,〔 elephants〔 *Male-male conflict social behaviour - wapiti (''Cervus elaphus''), European bison (''Bison bonasus''),〔Struhsaker, T. (1967). Behavior of elk (Cervus canadensis) during the rut. Z. Tierpsychol., 24: 80-114〕〔Geist, V. (1982). Adaptive behavioral strategies, In: J.W. Thomas and D.E. Toweill, (Eds). ''Elk of North America.'' Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. pp. 219-278〕 deer〔Zhi-Tao, L., Jan-Hua, D., Yan-Ling, S., Zhi-Gao, Z. and Qiong, Z. (2007). Wallowing behavior of Hainan Eld’s deer ''Cervus eldi hainanus'' male during the rut and its function in reproduction. Current Zoology (formerly Acta Zoologica Sinica), 53(3): 417-424 ()〕 *Removal of ectoparasites - white rhinoceros (''Ceratotherium simum''), American bison (''Bison bison''),〔Mooring, M.S. and Samuel, W.M., (1998). Tick defense strategies in bison: the role of grooming and hair coat. Behaviour, 135: 693-718〕 warthog〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) - Long-legged, fast and not at all defenceless )〕 *Social cohesion - American bison〔Reinhardt, V., (1985). Quantitative analysis of wallowing in a confined bison herd. Acta Theriol., 30: 149-156〕 *Relief from moulting - European bison,〔Cabon-Racyznska, R.M., Krasinska, Z.A., Krasinska, J.M. and Wojcik, J.M. (1987). Rhythm of daily activity and behavior of European bison in the Bialowieze Forest in the period without snow cover. Acta Theriol., 32: 335-372〕 elephant seals (genus ''Mirounga'') *Relief from biting insects - tamaraw (''Bubalus mindorensis''),〔Momongan, V.G. and Walde, G.I., (1993). Behavior of the endangered tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis Heude) in captivity. Asia Life Sci. 2: 241-250〕 American bison,〔McMillan, B.R., Cottam, M.R. and Kaufman, D.W. (2000). Wallowing behavior of American bison (Bos bison) in Tallgrass Prairie: An examination of alternate explanations. The American Midland Naturalist, 144:X ()〕〔Soper, J.D., (1941). History, range, and home life of the northern bison. Ecology Monographs, 11: 347-412〕 tapirs (''Tapirus bairdii''), warthog,〔 elephants〔 *Play in young animals - American bison〔McHugh, T.S., (1958). Social behavior of the American buffalo (Bison bison bison). Zoologica, 4: 1-40〕 *Skin maintenance (preventing dehydration) - hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'') *Camouflage - warthog〔 *Scent-marking - Some animals urinate in a wallow before entering and rolling in it, presumably as a form of scent-marking behaviour〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Elk (Cervus Canadensis) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wallowing in animals」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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